|  | 
    
      |  | Edward Boyle 
 
 For his pioneering work in establishing modern marine
        trace element geochemistry, in particular for exploiting relationships
        between foraminiferal shell chemistry and sea water to provide insights
        into glacial-interglacial changes in ocean chemistry and circulation;
        and for establishing benchmark records of anthropogenic lead in the
        oceans. | 
    
      |  | 
    
      |  | Ulrich Christensen 
 
 For fundamental contributions to the understanding of
        planetary convection, for elucidating the possibility of a separation of
        the convection cells above and below the phase boundary at 670 km depth;
        and for his work on convection phenomena on Mars and Jupiter. | 
    
      |  | 
    
      |  | Stanley Hart
 
 For his landmark contributions to isotope
        geochemistry, in particular to the study of the Earth's mantle and his
        development of the concept of end member type components that could be
        defined from the isotope geochemistry of ocean island basalts; and for
        pioneering of many applications of ion probe techniques to trace element
        geochemistry.
 | 
    
      |  | 
    
      |  | Claude Jaupart 
 
 For establishing the modern concepts of magma
        physics, notably the thermal and fluid mechanical evolution of magma
        reservoirs, the physics of magma outgassing and its applications on
        volcanic eruptions, based on a unique ability to combine high-profile
        physics with sophisticated experiments; and for much of our modern
        understanding of the thermal regime and evolution of the continental
        lithosphere.
 | 
    
      |  | 
    
      |  | James Kennett 
 
 For his contributions using expertise in
        biostratigraphy, based on foraminifera, and crucial discoveries in earth
        history from the South Pole to the equator; from the temperature ocean
        abyss to the methane in the atmosphere; from the scale of tens of
        million of years down to the shortest scale available to a geologist.
 | 
      |  | 
    
      |  | Andrew Knoll 
 
 For his outstanding contributions in palaeobiology,
        particularly the biodiversity and evolution of Proterozoic microbiota
        and early metazoans, including their embryonic microfossils, set in the
        frame of secular geochemical and environmental changes.
 | 
      |  | 
    
      |  | Nicholas Shackleton 
 
 For his pioneering contributions too numerous to list
        but including the development of stratigraphy using oxygen isotopes and
        astromonical calibration, exploitation of carbon isotope measurements on
        foraminifera to define reasons for glacial-interglacial changes in
        atmospheric carbon dioxide; and for his leadership and unselfish
        collaboration in palaeoceanography, a field in which he played major
        part in its definition.
 |