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How Lava Domes Grow: Field Observations and Thermo-Mechanical Insights from the 1979 Soufrière Eruption

To kick off the New Year, we have invited a guest author, Takafumi Maruishi, a researcher in the Research Division for Volcanic Disasters / Center for Volcano Research Promotion, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Japan. He explains the scaling law of lava dome growth and its physical insight. Effusive eruptions—when magma reaches the surface and is extruded as lava—are one of the main ways volcanoes build and reshape their landscapes. When the magma is silica-rich, its …

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Building the Earth in a sandbox

Building the Earth in a sandbox The Main Ethiopian Rift stretches for hundreds of kilometers through Ethiopia, a massive fracture where Africa is slowly tearing apart to birth a new ocean. However, the processes driving this continental breakup remain hidden deep beneath layers of volcanic rock and millions of years of geological history. Today, in a laboratory in the heart of the beautiful city of Florence, we can watch these same tectonic forces unfold in a box of sand, scaled …

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Comparing Apples to Apples: Filtering Water Storage Compartments for GRACE

Have you ever heard that we can “weigh” water on Earth from space? Since 2002, the GRACE and GRACE-FO satellite missions have been mapping month-to-month variations of the Earth’s gravity field. Because gravity responds to mass, these data can reveal how water is redistributed at the surface and in the subsurface. The result is a global time series of terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA)—how total water storage deviates from its long-term average. Many hydrologists and water-resources researchers use GRACE/GRACE-FO to …

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