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Exploring advocacy of Dutch government climate researchers: an interview study

Climate researchers are key in communicating the climate crisis, but most studies focus on university scientists. Little is known about those working in government organisations. We interviewed 14 Dutch climate scientists at government-funded institutes about opportunities and barriers to advocacy, including concerns about civil servant roles, independence, institutional identity, and unclear rules.

Enhanced weathering of glacial rock flour drives coupled inorganic and organic carbon sequestration in a five-year field experiment

Enhanced rock weathering involves spreading ground silicate rock on farmland to remove atmospheric CO₂ as the rock dissolves. Soil samples taken five years after Greenlandic glacial rock flour was applied to a Danish field showed that over half the applied material had dissolved, yet the increase in soil organic carbon was substantially greater than the estimated inorganic carbon uptake through weathering. This highlights the importance of considering both pathways when assessing climate impact.

Observing formation and early evolution of contrails formed by IAGOS aircraft using high-resolution LEO satellite imagery

We introduce an algorithm that can find individual aircraft in high-resolution (10–30 m) satellite imagery to see whether they form contrails. We looked specifically for IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) aircraft which measure humidity: a key variable in predicting contrail formation and evolution. The final dataset consists of 543 IAGOS flights for which we know whether contrails form or not. We find excellent (98.3 %) agreement between these observations and predictions by a thermodynamic model of contrail formation.

Technical note: Machine learning metamodelling for global sensitivity analysis

Understanding which factors most influence streamflow is key for accurate hydrologic modelling. This study shows that machine learning methods, like random forests and neural networks, can efficiently identify the most important model inputs, producing results similar to traditional sensitivity analysis but with far less computation. This approach helps scientists explore complex models faster and more reliably, improving insights into how catchments respond to changing conditions.

Warming vs. browning: a dual mechanism behind net ecosystem production of shallow brown aquatic systems

Warming and browning (increasing organic carbon) in aquatic systems both promote heterotrophy via distinct mechanisms: browning alone enhances bacterial production and alters stoichiometry, which suppresses primary production. Browning and warming combined shift aquatic ecosystems toward net heterotrophy. This mesocosm study provides mechanistic insight into interacting drivers of global change, with broad relevance for northern freshwaters undergoing increasing browning and warming.

Flood exposure and structure damage under deterministic design-storm and stochastic storm transposition rainfall scenarios: a case study in South Louisiana, USA

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
DOI 10.5194/nhess-26-5201-2026
23 October 2026

Conventional design storms may underestimate flood exposure by neglecting the spatial organization of rainfall. We compare deterministic and stochastic storm scenarios in coastal Louisiana. Stochastic storm transposition reveals 11 518 buildings overlooked by the deterministic storm, demonstrating that spatial rainfall variability can fundamentally alter estimates of exposure and structural damage, with implications for floodplain management, infrastructure design and climate-resilient planning.

Spectral analysis of lunar regions observed by MAJIS during the JUICE Moon-Earth flyby

This study presents a mineralogical analysis of lunar hyperspectral data acquired by JUICE/MAJIS during the Earth-Moon flyby. Focusing on Mare Tranquillitatis and Mare Fecunditatis, MAJIS spectra reveal prominent 1- and 2-µm absorption features characteristic of low- and high-Ca pyroxenes, confirming mafic mineral dominance and variations in regolith maturity. Consistency with legacy datasets (e.g., M³) validates MAJIS performance ahead of its primary mission in the Jovian system.

First year of Meteosat Third Generation Lightning Imager observations

The Meteosat Third Generation Lightning Imager (MTG-LI) is the first European space mission for monitoring lightning activity over Europe, Africa, and their surrounding areas. During its first year of observations from July 2024 to June 2025, MTG-LI detected a total of 595 × 10⁶ lightning flashes. The highest lightning frequency was found in central Africa. MTG-LI is an excellent instrument for monitoring total lightning activity on operational and climatological scales.

GlaUnTI: a hybrid physics–machine learning model enables transferable glacier surface mass balance estimation

Glaciers are melting worldwide, but direct measurements are spatially sparse. We developed a new model that combines mechanistic physical rules with machine learning to better estimate yearly gains and losses of ice mass across Europe. By learning local corrections to a physical melt model, the machine learning component improves accuracy and works well on glaciers not used for training. This will help produce more reliable glacier assessments and support future climate studies.

Meteosat Third Generation Lightning Imager detection performances

Lightning is a vital meteorological indicator, an Essential Climate Variable, and a key factor in atmospheric chemistry. EUMETSAT’s Meteosat Third Generation Lightning Imager (MTG-LI), operational since July 2024, is Europe’s first space-based geostationary lightning location system devoted to lightning diagnosis and characterization. This manuscript assesses its performance over 18 months, serving as a foundational reference for users.

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