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Chlorophyll a variation trends in marginal seas: assessing the impact of global warming and anthropogenic activities using time-series satellite data (1998–2020)

Analyzing 1998–2020 satellite data, this study finds global warming reduces offshore Chl a in open marginal seas, a trend extending nearshore. In contrast, Chl a in highly polluted enclosed seas remains unaffected by warming, dominated instead by nutrient inputs. Successful environmental policies reducing pollution may inadvertently accelerate the climate-driven Chl a decline, revealing a complex ecological trade-off.

AngleCam V2: Predicting leaf inclination angles across taxa from daytime and nighttime photos

To adapt to changing environmental conditions, plants can adjust their leaf angles. We developed AngleCam V2, an AI method that estimates leaf inclination angles from photos taken during day and night. Trained on thousands of images from about 200 species, it monitors daily changes in leaf angle, aligns with laser-scanning data, and detects systematic shifts under water limitation. AngleCam V2 provides an open-source tool for monitoring leaf angle dynamics over time, taxa, and environments.

Catalogue of strong nonlinear surprises in ocean, sea-ice, and atmospheric variables in CMIP6

We present a first catalogue of abrupt changes/state transitions in ocean, sea-ice, and atmospheric variables in future Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate scenarios. We find many models that show Arctic sea-ice disappearance, North Atlantic winter mixed-layer collapse and/or subsequent transition of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to a weak state. We find more abrupt changes/state transitions than in previous work at lower global warming levels.

Rapid Evaluation Framework for the CMIP7 Assessment Fast Track

The Rapid Evaluation Framework (REF) is a community-driven platform for benchmarking and performance assessment of Earth system models. Built upon four disparate community evaluation tools, the REF is designed to provide model-data comparisons for the Assessment Fast Track for the Seventh Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The REF will be run at the Earth System Grid Federation to enable model devleopers and scientists to quickly identify model biases and performance issues.

Climate change may increase landslide frequency despite generally drier conditions in the Mediterranean area

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
DOI 10.5194/nhess-26-3723-2026
10 August 2026

We present a framework linking projected rainfall with hydro-mechanical processes to assess landslide occurrences in a Mediterranean area, under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Despite generally drier soils, landslide frequency rises because shifts in the timing and intensity of rainfall, altering antecedent soil moisture during triggering events. This counterintuitive result highlights the importance of rainfall patterns in slope stability and informs climate-risk assessment and adaptation planning.

An update to the expression of atmospheric refractivity for GNSS signals

Refinement of previous work on atmospheric refractivity, providing an expression as a function of air density, temperature, and composition. Studies with radio occultations in weather prediction show that the formulation of refractivity is critical with large data volumes. Compared to earlier work, this study incorporates updated fundamental measurements, accounts for variability in atmospheric composition, and extends the model to include hydrometeors.

New insights into decadal climate variability in the North Atlantic revealed by data-driven dynamical models

We use artificial intelligence to learn simple equations from historical climate data that describe how North Atlantic ocean temperature, air pressure and rainfall vary and influence each other over decades. Analysing the model's behaviour and equation terms, we find rainfall strongly feeds back on both the ocean and the atmosphere. These interactions are well captured by the models and allow rainfall to be predicted over the ocean, and nearby regions such as Europe over coming decades.

Reviews and syntheses: Eddy covariance-based evapotranspiration partitioning

It is important to understand how much water is lost from plant processes to better understand ecosystem dynamics and the global water cycle. This review summarizes methods developed to partition plant water loss from total ecosystem water loss measurements. Eleven independent methods were identified, each reliant on various ecosystem assumptions. The methods were applied across 129 independent studies, reporting that globally, plant water loss accounts for 57 % of total ecosystem water loss.

disdrodb: an open-source Python package for standardized processing, sharing, and analysis of disdrometer data

disdrodb is a Python package for standardized sharing, processing, and analysis of disdrometer observations. It makes precipitation particle size distribution datasets easier to discover, access, and download, and converts heterogeneous raw measurements into global harmonized products for remote sensing precipitation retrievals and particle size distribution studies.

A global high-resolution hydrological model to simulate the dynamics of surface liquid reservoirs: application on Mars

In this paper, we present a global high-resolution hydrological model to investigate how water may have once flowed and accumulated on Mars. Using detailed topography, the model tracks how lakes and seas form, grow, merge, overflow, and dry out over time. It reveals how a vast northern ocean could emerge from smaller bodies of water. This approach links surface landforms to past climates, offering new perspectives on Mars' watery history and its potential habitability.

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