Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century under multiple climate change mitigation policies Hydrology and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/hess-18-2859-2014 6 August 2014 Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change and climate mitigation policies, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model, a leading community-integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. Read more
Impact of a 30% reduction in Atlantic meridional overturning during 2009–2010 Ocean Science DOI 10.5194/os-10-683-2014 6 August 2014 The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation comprises warm upper waters flowing northward, becoming colder and denser until they form deep water in the Labrador and Nordic Seas that then returns southward through the North and South Atlantic. We have been monitoring the circulation at 25° N since 2004 and report on the results here. Read more
MEDEX: a general overview Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/nhess-14-1965-2014 5 August 2014 This paper reviews the motivation and foundation of the international MEDiterranean EXperiment (MEDEX), the gestation, history and organisation of the project, as well as the main products and scientific achievements obtained from it. Read more
Ecosystem function and services provided by the deep sea Biogeosciences DOI 10.5194/bg-11-3941-2014 29 July 2014 In this manuscript we aim to provide a foundation for informed conservation and management of the deep sea by summarizing the important role of the deep sea in society. Read more
Physicochemical changes in pyrogenic organic matter (biochar) after 15 months of field aging Solid Earth DOI 10.5194/se-5-693-2014 23 July 2014 Predicting the effects of pyrogenic organic matter (OM) addition (either natural or intentional as in the case of biochar amendment) on soil chemistry and crop yields has been hampered by a lack of understanding of how pyrogenic OM evolves in the environment over time. This work compared the physicochemical characteristics of newly made and 15-month-field-aged biochars and biochar–soil mixtures. Read more
A spurious jump in the satellite record: has Antarctic sea ice expansion been overestimated? The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-8-1289-2014 22 July 2014 Here, we show that much of the increase in the reported trend for Antarctic sea ice extent occurred due to the previously undocumented effect of a change in the way the satellite sea ice observations are processed for the widely used Bootstrap algorithm data set, rather than a physical increase in the rate of ice advance. Read more
A high-resolution bedrock map for the Antarctic Peninsula The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-8-1261-2014 18 July 2014 Assessing and projecting the dynamic response of glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula to changed atmospheric and oceanic forcing requires high-resolution ice thickness data as an essential geometric constraint for ice flow models. Here, we derive a complete bedrock data set for the Antarctic Peninsula north of 70° S on a 100 m grid Read more
Modeled Arctic sea ice evolution through 2300 in CMIP5 extended RCPs The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-8-1195-2014 11 July 2014 Extended representative concentration pathway simulations through 2300 were completed for a subset of models, and here we examine the time evolution of Arctic sea ice in these simulations. Read more
On the future of journal publications in hydrology Hydrology and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/hess-18-2433-2014 27 June 2014 A group of editors from hydrology journals discusses a number of actions to help strengthen publications and research in hydrology as a whole. Read more
Sources of 21st century regional sea-level rise along the coast of northwest Europe Ocean Science DOI 10.5194/os-10-473-2014 19 June 2014 There are various contributions to sea level rise, including effects in the solid earth, gravity field, changes in ocean mass due to ice loss from ice sheets and glaciers, thermal expansion, alterations in ocean circulation driven by climate change and changing freshwater fluxes, and the intensity of storm surges. Focusing on the coastline of northwest Europe, we consider these processes and their relative impact on 21st century regional mean sea levels and the 50-year return flood height. Read more
The sub-ice platelet layer and its influence on freeboard to thickness conversion of Antarctic sea ice The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-8-1031-2014 11 June 2014 This is an investigation to quantify the influence of the sub-ice platelet layer on satellite measurements of total freeboard and their conversion to thickness of Antarctic sea ice. Read more
Crop residue decomposition in Minnesota biochar-amended plots Solid Earth DOI 10.5194/se-5-499-2014 11 June 2014 The aim of this paper is to evaluate biochar effects on field decomposition of crop residue, using plots that were amended with biochars made from different plant-based feedstocks and pyrolysis platforms in the fall of 2008. Read more
Global emission projections for the transportation sector using dynamic technology modeling Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-14-5709-2014 10 June 2014 In this study, global emissions of gases and particles from the transportation sector are projected from the year 2010 to 2050. Read more
Impact of modellers’ decisions on hydrological a priori predictions Hydrology and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/hess-18-2065-2014 4 June 2014 Researchers report the discharge predictions of 10 modellers – using the model of their choice – for the man-made Chicken Creek catchment (6 ha, northeast Germany) and analyse how well they improved their prediction in three steps based on adding information prior to each following step. Read more
Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene vegetation history of northeastern Russian Arctic inferred from the Lake El’gygytgyn pollen record Climate of the Past DOI 10.5194/cp-10-1017-2014 22 May 2014 The 318 m thick lacustrine sediment record from Lake El’gygytgyn, northeastern Russian Arctic cored by the international El’gygytgyn Drilling Project provides unique opportunities for the time-continuous reconstruction of the regional paleoenvironmental history for the past 3.6 Myr. This is analysed here. Read more
Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone – Part 1: Measurement techniques, uncertainties and availability Atmospheric Measurement Techniques DOI 10.5194/amt-7-1395-2014 21 May 2014 This summary presents an overview of stratospheric ozone profile measurement data sets (ground and satellite based) available for ozone recovery studies. Here we document measurement techniques, spatial and temporal coverage, vertical resolution, native units and measurement uncertainties. Read more
Nighttime observation and chemistry of HOx in the Pearl River Delta and Beijing in summer 2006 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-14-4979-2014 21 May 2014 Nighttime HOx chemistry was investigated in two ground-based field campaigns (PRIDE-PRD2006 and CAREBEIJING2006) in summer 2006 in China by comparison of measured and modeled concentration data of OH and HO2. Read more
Magnetic signature of large exhumed mantle domains of the Southwest Indian Ridge – results from a deep-tow geophysical survey over 0 to 11 Ma old seafloor Solid Earth DOI 10.5194/se-5-339-2014 19 May 2014 We investigate the magnetic signature of ultramafic seafloor in the eastern part of the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). There, detachment faulting, continuous over 11 Myr, exhumed large areas of mantle-derived rocks. Read more
A tropical West Pacific OH minimum and implications for stratospheric composition Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-14-4827-2014 15 May 2014 Most of the short-lived biogenic and anthropogenic chemical species that are emitted into the atmosphere break down efficiently by reaction with OH and do not reach the stratosphere. Here we show the existence of a pronounced minimum in the tropospheric column of ozone over the West Pacific, the main source region for stratospheric air, and suggest a corresponding minimum of the tropospheric column of OH. Read more
Adapting to life: ocean biogeochemical modelling and adaptive remeshing Ocean Science DOI 10.5194/os-10-323-2014 9 May 2014 We present a novel method of simulating ocean biogeochemical behaviour on a vertically adaptive computational mesh, where the mesh changes in response to the biogeochemical and physical state of the system throughout the simulation. Read more