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Possible effects on avionics induced by terrestrial gamma-ray flashes

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
DOI 10.5194/nhess-13-1127-2013
30 April 2013

Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are impulsive (intrinsically sub-millisecond) events associated with lightning in powerful thunderstorms. We address in this article the issue of the possible susceptibility of typical aircraft electronics exposed to TGF particle, gamma ray and neutron irradiation.

McMaster Mesonet soil moisture dataset: description and spatio-temporal variability analysis

This paper introduces and describes the hourly, high-resolution soil moisture dataset continuously recorded by the McMaster Mesonet located in the Hamilton-Halton Watershed in Southern Ontario, Canada.

Bacteriohopanepolyols record stratification, nitrogen fixation and other biogeochemical perturbations in Holocene sediments of the central Baltic Sea

We studied bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs), lipids of specific bacterial groups, in a sediment core from the central Baltic Sea (Gotland Deep) and found considerable differences between the distinct stages of the Baltic Sea’s history.

Nitrous oxide emissions from European agriculture – an analysis of variability and drivers of emissions from field experiments

Nitrous oxide emissions from a network of agricultural experiments in Europe were used to explore the relative importance of site and management controls of emissions. At each site, a selection of management interventions were compared within replicated experimental designs in plot-based experiments.

Recent variability of the solar spectral irradiance and its impact on climate modelling

We summarize here our current knowledge of solar spectral irradiance variability and its impact on Earth’s climate.

Vertical distributions of plutonium isotopes in marine sediment cores off the Fukushima coast after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

To obtain the vertical distribution of Pu isotopes in marine sediments and to better assess the possible contamination of Pu from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in the marine environment, we determined the activities of ^239+240Pu and ²⁴¹Pu as well as the atom ratios of ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu and ²⁴¹Pu/²³⁹Pu in sediment core samples collected in the western North Pacific off Fukushima from July 2011 to July 2012.

Flood-initiating catchment conditions: a spatio-temporal analysis of large-scale soil moisture patterns in the Elbe River basin

While the large-scale meteorological conditions have been classified and successfully linked to floods, this is lacking for the large-scale pre-event catchment conditions. Therefore, we propose classifying soil moisture as a key variable of pre-event catchment conditions and investigating the link between soil moisture patterns and flood occurrence in the Elbe River basin.

Oxidation of SO₂ by stabilized Criegee intermediate (sCI) radicals as a crucial source for atmospheric sulfuric acid concentrations

The effect of increased reaction rates of stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCIs) with SO₂ to produce sulfuric acid is investigated using data from two different locations, SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland, and Hohenpeissenberg, Germany.

Inverse estimation of source parameters of oceanic radioactivity dispersion models associated with the Fukushima accident

With combined use of the ocean–atmosphere simulation models and field observation data, we evaluate the parameters associated with the total caesium-137 amounts of the direct release into the ocean and atmospheric deposition over the western North Pacific caused by the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant that occurred in March 2011.

Scenario and modelling uncertainty in global mean temperature change derived from emission-driven global climate models

We compare future changes in global mean temperature in response to different future scenarios which, for the first time, arise from emission-driven rather than concentration-driven perturbed parameter ensemble of a global climate model.

Short- and long-term consequences of larval stage exposure to constantly and ephemerally elevated carbon dioxide for marine bivalve populations

Experiments were performed to assess the short-term (days) and long-term (months) consequences of larval stage exposure to varying CO₂ concentrations for calcifying bivalves. The findings suggested that high CO₂ has a cascading negative physiological impact on bivalve larvae stemming in part from lower calcification rates.

Ice-shelf buttressing and the stability of marine ice sheets

Ice-shelf buttressing and the stability of marine-type ice sheets are investigated numerically. Buttressing effects are analysed for a situation where a stable grounding line is located on a bed sloping upwards in the direction of flow.

Interpreting muon radiographic data in a fault zone: possible application to geothermal reservoir detection and monitoring

Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems
DOI 10.5194/gi-2-145-2013
27 March 2013

In this report, the data taken by Tanaka et al. (2011) are reanalyzed to estimate the porosity distribution as a function of a distance from the fault gouge. The result shows a similar pattern of the porosity distribution as measured by borehole sampling at Nojima fault.

The influence of climate change on flood risks in France – first estimates and uncertainty analysis

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
DOI 10.5194/nhess-13-809-2013
27 March 2013

This paper proposes a methodology to project the possible evolution of river flood damages due to climate change, and applies it to mainland France.

Mechanisms causing reduced Arctic sea ice loss in a coupled climate model

The fully coupled climate model HadGEM1 produces one of the most accurate simulations of the historical record of Arctic sea ice seen in the IPCC AR4 multi-model ensemble. In this study, we examine projections of sea ice decline out to 2030, produced by two ensembles of HadGEM1 with natural and anthropogenic forcings included.

Meteorological observations on the northern Chilean coast during VOCALS-REx

Surface coastal observations from two automatic weather stations at Paposo (~25° S) and radiosonde observations at Paposo and Iquique (~20° S) were carried out during VOCALS-REx (VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment).

Host model uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing estimates: results from the AeroCom Prescribed intercomparison study

In this AeroCom Prescribed intercomparison study we systematically isolate and quantify host model uncertainties on aerosol forcing experiments through prescription of identical aerosol radiative properties in twelve participating models.

The CM SAF SSM/I-based total column water vapour climate data record: methods and evaluation against re-analyses and satellite

The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) aims at the provision and sound validation of well documented Climate Data Records (CDRs) in sustained and operational environments. In this study, a total column water vapour path climatology from CM SAF is presented and inter-compared to water vapour data records from various data sources.

Direct linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption (74 ka BP)

In this work we suggest a direct synchronization of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption based on matching of a pattern of bipolar volcanic spikes. Annual layer counting between volcanic spikes in both cores allows for a unique match.

Local and global perspectives on the virtual water trade

Recent studies on fluxes of virtual water are showing how the global food and goods trade interconnects the water resources of different and distant countries, conditioning the local water balances. This paper presents and discusses the assessment of virtual water fluxes between a single country and its network of trading partners, delineating a country’s virtual water budget in space and time (years 1986–2010).