The dehydration carousel of stratospheric water vapor in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-23-12935-2023 13 October 2023 We studied water vapour in a critical region of the atmosphere, the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone, using rare in situ observations. Our study shows that extremely high water vapour values observed in the stratosphere within the Asian monsoon anticyclone still undergo significant freeze-drying and that water vapour concentrations set by the Lagrangian dry point are a better proxy for the stratospheric water vapour budget than rare observations of enhanced water mixing ratios. Read more
Rapid saturation of cloud water adjustments to shipping emissions Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-23-12545-2023 2 October 2023 Aerosol from burning fuel changes cloud properties, e.g., the number of droplets and the content of water. Here, we study how clouds respond to different amounts of shipping aerosol. Droplet numbers increase linearly with increasing aerosol over a broad range until they stop increasing, while the amount of liquid water always increases, independently of emission amount. These changes in cloud properties can make them reflect more or less sunlight, which is important for the earth’s climate. Read more
Molecular simulations reveal that heterogeneous ice nucleation occurs at higher temperatures in water under capillary tension Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-23-10625-2023 18 September 2023 Using computer simulations of water, we find that water under tension freezes more easily than under normal conditions. A linear equation describes how freezing temperature increases with tension. Accordingly, simulations show that naturally occurring tension in water capillary bridges leads to higher freezing temperatures. This work is an early step in determining if atmospheric cloud droplets freeze due to naturally occurring tension, for example, during processes such as droplet collisions. Read more
Opinion: Atmospheric multiphase chemistry – past, present, and future Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-23-9765-2023 4 September 2023 With important climate and air quality impacts, atmospheric multiphase chemistry involves gas interactions with aerosol particles and cloud droplets. We summarize the status of the field and discuss potential directions for future growth. We highlight the importance of a molecular-level understanding of the chemistry, along with atmospheric field studies and modelling, and emphasize the necessity for atmospheric multiphase chemists to interact widely with scientists from neighbouring disciplines. Read more
Atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals the Amazon as a minor carbon source caused by fire emissions, with forest uptake offsetting about half of these emissions Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-23-9685-2023 1 September 2023 The Amazon’s carbon balance may have changed due to forest degradation, deforestation and warmer climate. We used an atmospheric model and atmospheric CO2 observations to quantify Amazonian carbon emissions (2010–2018). The region was a small carbon source to the atmosphere, mostly due to fire emissions. Forest uptake compensated for ~ 50 % of the fire emissions, meaning that the remaining forest is still a small carbon sink. We found no clear evidence of weakening carbon uptake over the period. Read more
A rise in HFC-23 emissions from eastern Asia since 2015 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-23-9401-2023 23 August 2023 Based on atmospheric HFC-23 observations, the first estimate of post-CDM HFC-23 emissions in eastern Asia for 2008-2019 shows that these emissions contribute significantly to the global emissions rise. The observation-derived emissions were much larger than the bottom-up estimates expected to approach zero after 2015 due to national abatement activities. These discrepancies could be attributed to unsuccessful factory-level HFC-23 abatement and inaccurate quantification of emission reductions. HFC-23 emissions from eastern Asia since 2015">Read more
Detection of large-scale cloud microphysical changes within a major shipping corridor after implementation of the International Maritime Organization 2020 fuel sulfur regulations Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-23-8259-2023 2 August 2023 Fuel sulfur regulations were implemented for ships in 2020 to improve air quality but may also accelerate global warming. We use spatial statistics and satellite retrievals to detect changes in the size of cloud droplets and find evidence for a resulting decrease in cloud brightness within a major shipping corridor after the sulfur limits went into effect. Our results confirm both that the regulations are being followed and that they are having a warming influence via their effect on clouds. Read more
Continuous weekly monitoring of methane emissions from the Permian Basin by inversion of TROPOMI satellite observations Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-23-7503-2023 28 July 2023 We use TROPOMI satellite observations to quantify weekly methane emissions from the US Permian oil and gas basin from May 2018 to October 2020. We find that Permian emissions are highly variable, with diverse economic and activity drivers. The most important drivers during our study period were new well development and natural gas price. Permian methane intensity averaged 4.6% and decreased by 1% per year. TROPOMI satellite observations">Read more
Impact of a strong volcanic eruption on the summer middle atmosphere in UA-ICON simulations Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-23-7001-2023 12 July 2023 Strong volcanic eruptions are able to alter the temperature and the circulation of the middle atmosphere. This study simulates the atmospheric response to an idealized strong tropical eruption and focuses on the impact on the mesosphere. The simulations show a warming of the polar summer mesopause in the first November after the eruption. Our study indicates that this is mainly due to dynamical coupling in the summer hemisphere with a potential contribution from interhemispheric coupling. ICON simulations">Read more
Particle shapes and infrared extinction spectra of nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) crystals: optical constants of the β-NAD modification Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-23-6789-2023 7 July 2023 Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an important role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. They can consist of different chemical species, including crystalline nitric acid hydrates. We found that mineral dust or meteoric ablation material can efficiently catalyse the formation of a specific phase of nitric acid dihydrate crystals. We determined predominant particle shapes and infrared optical properties of these crystals, which are important inputs for remote sensing detection of PSCs. NAD) crystals: optical constants of the β-NAD modification">Read more
