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Regional variability of acidification in the Arctic: a sea of contrasts

In this study, we use an ocean-only general circulation model, with embedded biogeochemistry and a comprehensive description of the ocean carbon cycle, to study the response of pH and saturation states of calcite and aragonite to rising atmospheric pCO₂and changing climate in the Arctic Ocean.

Weathering by tree-root-associating fungi diminishes under simulated Cenozoic atmospheric CO₂decline

We report experimental evidence for a negative feedback across a declining Cenozoic [CO₂]_a range from 1500 to 200 ppm, whereby low [CO₂]_a curtails mineral surface alteration via trenching and etch pitting by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal partners of tree roots.

Seasonal variations of sea–air CO₂ fluxes in the largest tropical marginal sea (South China Sea) based on multiple-year underway measurements

Based upon 14 field surveys conducted between 2003 and 2008, this paper shows that the seasonal pattern of sea surface partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) and sea–air CO₂ fluxes differed among four different physical–biogeochemical domains in the South China Sea proper.

Ratios among atmospheric trace gases together with winds imply exploitable information for bird navigation: a model elucidating experimental results

A model of avian goal-oriented navigation is described that is based on two empirical findings building a bridge from ornithology to atmospheric chemistry.

Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) production in axenic Chlorella vulgaris microalgae cultures: evidence, putative pathways, and potential environmental impacts

Using antibiotic assays and genomic analysis, this study demonstrates nitrous oxide (N₂O) is generated from axenic Chlorella vulgaris cultures. In batch assays, this production is magnified under conditions favouring intracellular nitrite accumulation, but repressed when nitrate reductase (NR) activity is inhibited.

Carbonate mineral saturation states in the East China Sea: present conditions and future scenarios

To assess the impact of rising atmospheric CO₂ and eutrophication on the carbonate chemistry of the East China Sea shelf waters, saturation states (Ω) for two important biologically relevant carbonate minerals were calculated throughout the water column.

A novel salinity proxy based on Na incorporation into foraminiferal calcite

This study investigates the impact of salinity on foraminiferal Na/Ca values by laser ablation ICP-MS analyses of specimens of the benthic foraminifer Ammonia tepida cultured at a range of salinities (30.0–38.6).

Remote sensing of LAI, chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen pools of crop- and grasslands in five European landscapes

The purpose of this study is to use field-based and satellite remote-sensing-based methods to assess leaf nitrogen pools in five diverse European agricultural landscapes located in Denmark, Scotland (United Kingdom), Poland, the Netherlands and Italy.

Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: projections with CMIP5 models

Ocean ecosystems are increasingly stressed by human-induced changes of their physical, chemical and biological environment. Here, we use the most recent simulations performed in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 to assess how stressors such as warming, acidification deoxygenation and changes in primary productivity by marine phytoplankton, may evolve over the course of the 21st century.

Increased soil temperature and atmospheric N deposition have no effect on the N status and growth of a mature balsam fir forest

Nitrogen (N) is a major growth-limiting factor in boreal forest ecosystems. Increases of temperature and atmospheric N deposition are expected to affect forest growth directly and indirectly by increasing N availability due to higher rates of N mineralization. We conducted experiments on a mature balsam fir stand in Canada to understand the potential impacts of these changes.

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