Quantification of ice nuclei active at near 0 °C temperatures in low-altitude clouds at the Puy de Dôme atmospheric station Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-14-8185-2014 14 August 2014 In this study, cloud water was collected aseptically from the summit of Puy de Dôme (1465 m a.s.l., France) within contrasted meteorological and physico-chemical situations. Total and biological (i.e. heat-sensitive) IN were quantified by droplet-freezing assay between −5 °C and −14 °C. Read more
Weighing the ocean with bottom-pressure sensors: robustness of the ocean mass annual cycle estimate Ocean Science DOI 10.5194/os-10-701-2014 11 August 2014 We use ocean bottom-pressure measurements from 17 tropical sites to determine the annual cycle of ocean mass. We show that such a calculation is robust, and use three methods to estimate errors in the mass determination. Read more
Ice–ocean interaction and calving front morphology at two west Greenland tidewater outlet glaciers The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-8-1457-2014 8 August 2014 This paper presents a suite of fjord salinity, temperature, turbidity versus depth casts along with glacial runoff estimation from Rink and Store glaciers, two major marine outlets draining the western sector of the GrIS during 2009 and 2010. Read more
EARLINET: towards an advanced sustainable European aerosol lidar network Atmospheric Measurement Techniques DOI 10.5194/amt-7-2389-2014 8 August 2014 This paper gives an overview of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) main developments since 2000 and introduces the dedicated EARLINET special issue, which reports on the technical solutions and scientific results related to the use of advanced lidar remote sensing techniques for the study of aerosol properties. Read more
Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century under multiple climate change mitigation policies Hydrology and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/hess-18-2859-2014 6 August 2014 Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change and climate mitigation policies, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model, a leading community-integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. Read more
Impact of a 30% reduction in Atlantic meridional overturning during 2009–2010 Ocean Science DOI 10.5194/os-10-683-2014 6 August 2014 The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation comprises warm upper waters flowing northward, becoming colder and denser until they form deep water in the Labrador and Nordic Seas that then returns southward through the North and South Atlantic. We have been monitoring the circulation at 25° N since 2004 and report on the results here. Read more
MEDEX: a general overview Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/nhess-14-1965-2014 5 August 2014 This paper reviews the motivation and foundation of the international MEDiterranean EXperiment (MEDEX), the gestation, history and organisation of the project, as well as the main products and scientific achievements obtained from it. Read more
Ecosystem function and services provided by the deep sea Biogeosciences DOI 10.5194/bg-11-3941-2014 29 July 2014 In this manuscript we aim to provide a foundation for informed conservation and management of the deep sea by summarizing the important role of the deep sea in society. Read more
Physicochemical changes in pyrogenic organic matter (biochar) after 15 months of field aging Solid Earth DOI 10.5194/se-5-693-2014 23 July 2014 Predicting the effects of pyrogenic organic matter (OM) addition (either natural or intentional as in the case of biochar amendment) on soil chemistry and crop yields has been hampered by a lack of understanding of how pyrogenic OM evolves in the environment over time. This work compared the physicochemical characteristics of newly made and 15-month-field-aged biochars and biochar–soil mixtures. Read more
A spurious jump in the satellite record: has Antarctic sea ice expansion been overestimated? The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-8-1289-2014 22 July 2014 Here, we show that much of the increase in the reported trend for Antarctic sea ice extent occurred due to the previously undocumented effect of a change in the way the satellite sea ice observations are processed for the widely used Bootstrap algorithm data set, rather than a physical increase in the rate of ice advance. Read more
A high-resolution bedrock map for the Antarctic Peninsula The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-8-1261-2014 18 July 2014 Assessing and projecting the dynamic response of glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula to changed atmospheric and oceanic forcing requires high-resolution ice thickness data as an essential geometric constraint for ice flow models. Here, we derive a complete bedrock data set for the Antarctic Peninsula north of 70° S on a 100 m grid Read more
Modeled Arctic sea ice evolution through 2300 in CMIP5 extended RCPs The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-8-1195-2014 11 July 2014 Extended representative concentration pathway simulations through 2300 were completed for a subset of models, and here we examine the time evolution of Arctic sea ice in these simulations. Read more
On the future of journal publications in hydrology Hydrology and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/hess-18-2433-2014 27 June 2014 A group of editors from hydrology journals discusses a number of actions to help strengthen publications and research in hydrology as a whole. Read more
Sources of 21st century regional sea-level rise along the coast of northwest Europe Ocean Science DOI 10.5194/os-10-473-2014 19 June 2014 There are various contributions to sea level rise, including effects in the solid earth, gravity field, changes in ocean mass due to ice loss from ice sheets and glaciers, thermal expansion, alterations in ocean circulation driven by climate change and changing freshwater fluxes, and the intensity of storm surges. Focusing on the coastline of northwest Europe, we consider these processes and their relative impact on 21st century regional mean sea levels and the 50-year return flood height. Read more
The sub-ice platelet layer and its influence on freeboard to thickness conversion of Antarctic sea ice The Cryosphere DOI 10.5194/tc-8-1031-2014 11 June 2014 This is an investigation to quantify the influence of the sub-ice platelet layer on satellite measurements of total freeboard and their conversion to thickness of Antarctic sea ice. Read more
Crop residue decomposition in Minnesota biochar-amended plots Solid Earth DOI 10.5194/se-5-499-2014 11 June 2014 The aim of this paper is to evaluate biochar effects on field decomposition of crop residue, using plots that were amended with biochars made from different plant-based feedstocks and pyrolysis platforms in the fall of 2008. Read more
Global emission projections for the transportation sector using dynamic technology modeling Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics DOI 10.5194/acp-14-5709-2014 10 June 2014 In this study, global emissions of gases and particles from the transportation sector are projected from the year 2010 to 2050. Read more
Impact of modellers’ decisions on hydrological a priori predictions Hydrology and Earth System Sciences DOI 10.5194/hess-18-2065-2014 4 June 2014 Researchers report the discharge predictions of 10 modellers – using the model of their choice – for the man-made Chicken Creek catchment (6 ha, northeast Germany) and analyse how well they improved their prediction in three steps based on adding information prior to each following step. Read more
Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene vegetation history of northeastern Russian Arctic inferred from the Lake El’gygytgyn pollen record Climate of the Past DOI 10.5194/cp-10-1017-2014 22 May 2014 The 318 m thick lacustrine sediment record from Lake El’gygytgyn, northeastern Russian Arctic cored by the international El’gygytgyn Drilling Project provides unique opportunities for the time-continuous reconstruction of the regional paleoenvironmental history for the past 3.6 Myr. This is analysed here. Read more
Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone – Part 1: Measurement techniques, uncertainties and availability Atmospheric Measurement Techniques DOI 10.5194/amt-7-1395-2014 21 May 2014 This summary presents an overview of stratospheric ozone profile measurement data sets (ground and satellite based) available for ozone recovery studies. Here we document measurement techniques, spatial and temporal coverage, vertical resolution, native units and measurement uncertainties. Read more